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Ramayana

Ramayana – The Story of Sita Swayamvar (Rama and Sita Marriage)

King Janaka was the ruler of the kingdom of Videha. Its capital city was Mithila. Janaka was not only a brave king, but was also very well-versed in the Shastras and Vedas. One day, while a field was being ploughed in the presence of the king, he found a female child in the deep furrow dug by the plough. Janaka and his wife Sunayana were overjoyed by this discovery and adopted the little baby girl as their own. The child was named Sita, meaning ‘Furrow’ in Sanskrit. Thus, Sita is considered to be the daughter of Bhumi Devi (Mother Earth) since she was born or found in the earth.

Sita grew up to be a girl of unparalleled beauty and charm and possessed the greatest of womanly virtues. When Sita became of marriageable age, the king decided to have a Swayamvara which included a contest. The king was in possession of an immensely heavy bow, presented to him by the God Shiva. Whoever could wield the bow and string it, could marry Sita.

After the protection of Vishwamitra’s sacred ritual, on their way back to Ayodhya, Rama and Lakshmana traveled to Mithila. Accompanied by Vishwamitra, they attended Sita’s Swayamvara. Rama successfully broke Shiva's bow as he picked it up and was examining the tautness of its bowstring. The young prince’s strength and courage perplexed all the attendees. And with the breaking of the bow, Janaka proposed Sita to Rama in marriage. On the approval of Sage Vishwamitra, Janaka sent his messengers to Ayodhya to convey the message to Dasharatha. Upon hearing the story of how his son Rama not only lifted the bow of Shiva, but also broke it, Dasharatha was overjoyed. He gladly accepted the marriage proposal of Rama and Sita. The next day, King Dasharatha’s delegation traveled to Mithila to carry out the wedding ceremony. Upon reaching there, he received proposals for marriage of his other three sons. Lakshmana was betrothed to Urmila, another daughter of Janaka. Vishwamitra proposed the marriages of Bharata and Shatrughna with the two daughters of Kushadhvaja, the younger brother of Janaka. Thus Bharata was married to Maandavi and Shatrughna to Shrutakeerti.

After the wedding ceremonies of his four sons, Dasharatha and his delegation returned to Ayodhya. The young princes and their brides were welcomed with pomp and grandeur. Yudhaajit, the maternal uncle of Bharata, who had come for the weddings of the princes, now took Bharata and Shatrughna to his kingdom. Rama and Lakshmana engaged in the welfare of their subjects, at the behest of their father. The couples entered the threshold of their blissful married lives.

Ramayana – The Story of Young Rama and Sage Vishwamitra

Rama and his three brothers received a very privileged upbringing, as deemed fit for princes. They received extensive training in warfare and became scholars in Vedic knowledge. They were valiant and at the same time interested in the welfare of the world and its people. Right from childhood, Rama & Lakshmana developed a close bond and became inseparable. Time passed by fast as the princes grew up together, delighting King Dasharatha.

When Rama was about 16 years old, sage Vishwamitra came to visit Dasharatha in search of help against rakshsas (demons), who were disturbing his Vedic rituals. He asked King Dasharatha to send Rama for protection against two powerful demons called Maareecha and Subaahu. Considering Rama’s age, King Dasharatha became very upset at the sage’s request and refused to send him. Sage Vishwamitra became very angry but was finally pacified by the intervention of Vasishtha. He convinced Dasharatha to send Rama with Vishwamitra, ensuring him that Vishwamitra’s powers and Rama’s own capabilities would make him successful. Finally, Dasharatha agreed, and Rama and Lakshmana were dispatched with Vishwamitra.

In their course of travel, Vishwamitra imparted a secret knowledge to the young princes called ‘Bala Atibala Vidya’, the practice of which would always keep them vigorous and full of vitality. Rama also received many weapons, after successfully killing the demoness Tataka on the orders of Sage Vishwamitra. Finally, they reached the place where Vishwamitra was to perform his sacred ritual. The young princes safeguarded the ritual for six days and nights. On the last night, the demons Maareecha and Subaahu appeared to foil the ritual. But Rama deftly hit Mareecha, banishing him, and killed Subaahu. After that, the ritual was completed successfully without any problems.

With the completion of the ritual, Sage Vishwamitra traveled to the kingdom of Mithila to attend a ritual and also to see the auspicious bow of Shiva that was being worshipped in the palace of King Janaka from ages. Rama and Lakshmana accompanied Vishwamitra on this journey. Upon reaching the precincts of Mithila, they visited the hermitage of Sage Gautama. Vishwamitra told them about the legend of Ahalya, Gautama’s wife. According to the legend, Indra was infatuated with Ahalya and desired a union with her. She complied with Indra’s desire but Sage Gautama caught them unawares and cursed them both. Ahalya was relegated to a lonely life in the hermitage where she would remain unseen and invisible. Only when Rama entered the hermitage, she was freed from her curse and emerged back into her divine form.  After Ahalya’s redemption, Sage Vishwamitra, along with Rama and Lakshmana reached Mithila and entered the court of King Janaka.

Ramayana – Birth of Sri Rama and his Brothers Bharata, Lakshmana and Shatrughna

Once upon a time, there lived a great King called Sagara. He is believed to have sixty thousand sons and is considered the originator of the Ikshvaku dynasty. In this illustrious lineage was born King Dasharatha, son of King Raghu and grandson of King Dilipa. He had three wives- Kaushalya, Sumitra and Kaikeyi. He ruled over the prosperous kingdom of Kosala, on the riverbanks of Sarayu, with the city of Ayodhya as its capital.

According to the legend, Ayodhya was built by Manu, the foremost ruler of mankind. That magnificent city had well laid out and well maintained highways, and was surrounded with gateways and arches. It housed all kinds of machinery, weaponry and craftsmen. It had a rich cultural heritage and was overflowing with food and clean water. There was an abundance of livestock and wealth amongst its residents.

King Dasharatha remained childless for a long time and finally decided to perform the Ashwamedha Yagna (a Vedic Horse Ritual) in order to beget heirs to his kingdom. After consulting his ministers, priests and noblemen, it was decided to perform the yagna on the northern banks of river Sarayu. The preparations began under the supervision of the royal priest, Sage Vasishtha. As per the custom, a well-decorated horse was let out with an insignia on its forehead, challenging any king to capture it and to face the wrath of the king releasing it. If someone captured the horse, he would have to fight Dasharatha, else the valor and invincibility of Dasharatha would be well established and he would proceed with the Ashwamedha ritual after a year. So, when the horse came back without being captured, the final rituals of the Ashwamedha yagna, including the Putra Kameshthi yagna were performed.

The Gods were very pleased with the rituals and Vishnu agreed to incarnate as a human, by being born as Dasharatha’s son. During the Putra Kameshthi yagna, Prajaapatya Purusha arose from the sacrificial fire and gave a golden vessel of divine dessert to Dasharatha for distribution to his three queens. Upon consuming the divine dessert, the queens conceived four sons. Rama, the eldest son was born to Kausalya, Bharata was born to Kaikeyi, and Lakshmana and Shatrughna were born to Sumitra.

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